{"id":12611,"date":"2022-12-20T17:01:12","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T09:01:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ourpcb.pl\/?p=12611"},"modified":"2022-12-20T17:01:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T09:01:30","slug":"procedura-testowania-uszkodzen-uziemienia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ourpcb.pl\/procedura-testowania-uszkodzen-uziemienia.html","title":{"rendered":"Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia: B\u0105d\u017a bezpieczny przed zagro\u017ceniami"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-System dystrybucji energii mo\u017ce do\u015bwiadczy\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnych rodzaj\u00f3w b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w. Jednym z takich nieprawid\u0142owych po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 elektrycznych jest zwarcie doziemne . Najcz\u0119stsz\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 zwarcia doziemnego jest zmniejszenie izolacji. Mo\u017ce to by\u0107 spowodowane wilgoci\u0105, napr\u0119\u017ceniami mechanicznymi lub zanieczyszczeniem atmosferycznym. Potencjalne konsekwencje zwar\u0107 doziemnych s\u0105 niebezpieczne. Dlatego nale\u017cy by\u0107 ich \u015bwiadomym. I tu w\u0142a\u015bnie przydaje si\u0119 procedura testowania zwar\u0107 doziemnych.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Procedura<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Zdj\u0119cie: Przew\u00f3d uziemiaj\u0105cy<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Usterka uziemienia i ochrona przed zwarciem doziemnym <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Usterka uziemienia wyst\u0119puje, gdy pr\u0105d elektryczny z nieuziemionego przewodnika fazowego przyjmuje nieplanowan\u0105 \u015bcie\u017ck\u0119 i p\u0142ynie bezpo\u015brednio do ziemi. Aby obw\u00f3d elektryczny dzia\u0142a\u0142 prawid\u0142owo i bezpiecznie, musi by\u0107 pod\u0142\u0105czony przew\u00f3d uziemiaj\u0105cy. Przew\u00f3d uziemiaj\u0105cy zapewnia \u0142atw\u0105 \u015bcie\u017ck\u0119 uziemienia dla ka\u017cdej uciekaj\u0105cej energii elektrycznej. Je\u015bli skrzynka elektryczna ulegnie awarii, a po\u0142\u0105czenie z ziemi\u0105 jest nieprawid\u0142owe, skok pr\u0105du elektrycznego mo\u017ce by\u0107 natychmiastowy. Mo\u017ce on zniszczy\u0107 wszelkie urz\u0105dzenia elektryczne lub uszkodzi\u0107 osob\u0119, kt\u00f3ra staje si\u0119 \u015bcie\u017ck\u0105 podr\u00f3\u017cy do ziemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To protect you from electrical shock and safeguard your equipment from damage or fire, install a ground fault protection system that will detect even the slightest faults and shut off the electric current in milliseconds. The 517-17 (D) suggests periodic performance testing of ground fault systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-How Do Ground Fault Protection Systems Work?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The working of a  ground fault protection system is based on the current balance between phase conductors and neutral conductors. Whenever there is an earth fault in an electrical system, one of the phases gets in contact with the ground. This results in a short circuit, and current flows through the earth instead of going back through the neutral phase.  As the current diverts to the earth, an imbalance is spotted in the circuit, generating a residual current detected by the ground fault protective device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ground fault protection system consists of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 (CTs):  a sensor detects ground-fault current levels<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ground fault relay or logic box: to determine tripping current levels value and time<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A trip device: An operating mechanism to trip the breaker or switch<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some ground fault protection systems come with different types of panels. A test panel simulates a ground fault signal to trip-test the breaker. In contrast, a monitor panel indicates the system status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ground Fault Relay Operating Principles<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A current transformer monitors possible imbalance. The common type of methods for ground-fault protection on low-voltage single-source systems using current transformer arrangements are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-Residual Sensor<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This method involves using multiple current transformers connected for each set of phase and neutral conductors to determine the ground-fault current. Apart from CTs, you can also use circuit breakers having electronic trip units and integral ground fault protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If an equal number of current flows between the conductors, the two signals will balance it. When an earth fault occurs, there will be an imbalance, and if the ground-fault current exceeds the pre-set current and time-delay settings, it will trip, breaking the circuit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zero-Sequence<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Another method of detecting ground fault connections is by using a zero-sequence current transformer.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When an equal amount of current passes through the phase and neutral conductors, it results in zero sensor output. The current passes through the opening of a zero-sequence Current Transformer, and the exiting and entering currents will be equal to zero. The current passes via the ground conductor when a fault occurs instead of passing through the zero-sequence CT. This results in an unbalanced magnetic flux condition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ground Fault Protection System Performance Testing <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For an efficient protection system of a ground fault, you need to make sure that every component within the system is working properly.  If sensors, shunt trip, monitors, panels, wiring, power source, etc., have any damage or have incorrect wiring, there can be issues with the fault protection system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So you must do regular upkeep and electrical testing of the ground fault protection equipment. Make sure to employ qualified personnel for the testing as per the instructions provided with the equipment. Besides, you must test the ground fault protection system on its first installation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-Things to Keep in Mind During Testing:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

First, do the complete field acceptance testing as required by the NEC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Secondly, check the neutral main bonding connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thirdly, check for any improper installation in a sensor and grounding connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once you inject current through the current sensor, make a note of the pickup and timing of the relay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reduce current voltage supply to 277 from 480.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, check whether special features like zone interlocks are working properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ground Fault Guard System Testing Methods <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are two test methods for assessing ground fault protection systems:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-Simulated Fault Current Method<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Testing using a  helps to identify the effectiveness of the relay. Further, you also understand the functioning of the sensor and shunt trip. Additionally, you can verify the competence of the control power supply. When you wind a coil around a window-type sensor, it creates a simulated fault current. Once a current passes through the test winding, it creates a secondary current in the sensor. The relay responds in the same way it would respond to a primary current of 1600 amperes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

High-Current Primary Injection Method<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The high-current primary injection method tests the reliability of all the system components. This includes the circuit breaker operation, relay or trip unit, control power, wiring, and the current transformers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this, you inject a high-current supply through the primary side of the overcurrent device or current transformer. This will duplicate the flow of ground-fault current under various conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zero-Sequence Earth Fault Protection Systems- Performance Testing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Before performance testing, perform a visual inspection. Ensure that the number of neutral conductors and phase conductors passing through the zero-sequence sensor is correct. Further, make sure that the direction of the conductor is right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You can conduct these tests to verify the correct operation of zero-sequence ground fault protection systems:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Trip Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In this, make sure that the phase conductor and neutral conductors go in a similar direction through the sensor. Connect the supply to points N1 and A1 to a jumper that connects N2 and A2. The main breaker will not trip even when the test current goes beyond the preset pickup and trip time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image: zero-sequence ground fault- no trip test<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-Trip Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Send current to points A1 and N1 to a jumper that connects A2 and G1. When the test current goes above the preset pickup and time delay setting, the breaker will trip.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image: zero-sequence ground fault- trip test<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Residual Ground Fault Protection Systems- Performance Testing<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

You need to do the following tests:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No Trip Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

First, connect the test current to point N1 and A1 to a jumper between N2 and A2. Now, as the current sensed by transformers sums up to zero, a trip does not occur. Hold the current above the predefined pickup setpoint for a longer period than the pre-set trip time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image: Residual ground fault- no trip test<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-Trip Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Connect the test current to points N1 and A1 to a jumper that connects points G1 and A2.  The earth fault relay will trip when the current exceeds the preset pickup set point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image: Residual ground fault- trip test\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Half Trip Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Connect the test current to points N2 and A1 to a jumper that connects points N1 and A2. The relay trips when the current is more than the preset pickup setting. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image: Residual ground fault- half trip test<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-Neutral Sensor Trip Test<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

In this, you connect the test current to two different points i.e. N2 and N1.  The relay will trip when the current applied surpasses the preset pickup setting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image: Residual ground fault- neutral sensor test\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

All in all, a ground fault in your electrical system could lead to serious consequences. However, the quality of wires and cables is essential for efficient ground connections. So, if you need any help with high-quality wires and , contact Cloom<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-System dystrybucji energii mo\u017ce do\u015bwiadczy\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnych rodzaj\u00f3w b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w. Jednym z takich nieprawid\u0142owych po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 elektrycznych jest zwarcie doziemne . Najcz\u0119stsz\u0105 przyczyn\u0105 zwarcia doziemnego jest zmniejszenie izolacji. Mo\u017ce to by\u0107 spowodowane wilgoci\u0105, napr\u0119\u017ceniami mechanicznymi lub zanieczyszczeniem atmosferycznym. Potencjalne konsekwencje zwar\u0107 doziemnych s\u0105 niebezpieczne. Dlatego nale\u017cy by\u0107 ich \u015bwiadomym. I tu w\u0142a\u015bnie przydaje si\u0119 procedura […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[419],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nProcedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia: B\u0105d\u017a bezpieczny<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia-System dystrybucji energii mo\u017ce do\u015bwiadczy\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cnych rodzaj\u00f3w b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ourpcb.pl\/procedura-testowania-uszkodzen-uziemienia.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Procedura testowania uszkodze\u0144 uziemienia: B\u0105d\u017a 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